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SESSION TITLE: Drug-Induced and Associated Critical Care Cases Posters 2 SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Methemoglobinemia is an increase in methemoglobin (mHb) level characterized by functional anemia and tissue hypoxia. It can be caused by congenital enzymes deficiencies, but it is usually acquired. Dapsone, an oxidizing agent, is a medication commonly associated with acquired methemoglobinemia (1). We describe the diagnosis and management of a COVID-19 patient with acquired methemoglobinemia due to Dapsone. CASE PRESENTATION: 84-year-old female with history of MPO-ANCA vasculitis with renal involvement, CKD4 and anemia of chronic disease presented with shortness of breath, lethargy and weakness. Initially, the patient was saturating (SpO2) 80% on room air and was placed on 4L nasal cannula (NC) with improvement to 92%. CT of the chest showed b/l GGOs consistent with atypical pneumonia and patient tested positive for COVID-19. About 4 months prior, she had received 2 doses of Rituximab and on high steroid therapy that was tapered to 5mg of prednisone daily. She has been on Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole for PJP prophylaxis, but due to hyperkalemia the medication was stopped. After confirming no G6PD deficiency, she was started on Dapsone 100mg daily. During hospitalization, she was given dexamethasone 6 mg daily and Dapsone was continued. On hospital stay day 6, a rapid response was called after oxygen dropped to 78% while walking on 6L NC. She was placed on high flow NC 100% and SpO2 went up to 90%. An arterial blood gas (ABG) was then obtained showing pO2 of 334, oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) of 83 and mHb of 17.4. The SpO2-PaO2 gap and elevated mHb lead to the diagnosis of Dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia. Dapsone was discontinued. Patient received a one-time dose of 1mg/kg IV of methylene blue. One hour later her dyspnea had improved and was on 3L NC. Repeat ABG showed improvement of oxyHb (98) and decreased mHb (2.2). DISCUSSION: Physiologically, mHb is less than 1% of total Hb (1) and occurs when the iron in the porphyrin group of heme is oxidized from ferrous to the ferric form (2). Ferric heme binds oxygen irreversibly causing a left shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Clinical presentation tends to correlate with mHb levels, and it varies from being asymptomatic to fatigue, dyspnea, confusion, seizure, cyanosis resistant to oxygen therapy (mHb > 15%) and death. Methylene blue is safe and can be consider when mHb level is greater than 10 to 20% (2). Methylene blue was administer to our patient given the presence of COVID (leaving patient more susceptible to medication-induced methemoglobinemia (3)) and chronic anemia which made her less likely to tolerate state of reduced oxygen delivery. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of methemoglobinemia is a rare cause of hypoxemia that is often overlooked. In patients with risk factors (COVID, medication exposure) a high index of suspicion is needed when interpreting an ABG (SpO2-PaO2 gap) for correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Reference #1: Toker, Ibrahim, et al. "Methemoglobinemia Caused by Dapsone Overdose: Which Treatment Is Best?” Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 15, no. 4, Dec. 2015, pp. 182–184, 10.1016/j.tjem.2014.09.002. Accessed 31 Aug. 2020. Reference #2: Cortazzo JA, Lichtman AD. Methemoglobinemia: a review and recommendations for management. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2014 Aug;28(4):1043-7. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.02.005. Epub 2013 Aug 13. PMID: 23953868. Reference #3: Naymagon, Leonard, et al. "The Emergence of Methemoglobinemia amidst the COVID -19 Pandemic.” American Journal of Hematology, vol. 95, no. 8, 3 June 2020, 10.1002/ajh.25868. Accessed 3 Mar. 2021. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Mileydis Alonso No relevant relationships by Samantha Gillenwater No relevant relationships by Christine Girard No relevant relationships by Sikandar Khan No relevant relationships by Jose Rivera No relevant relationships by Frederick Ross
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SESSION TITLE: Encounters with Mechanical Ventilation SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Original Inv PRESENTED ON: 10/17/2022 12:15 pm - 1:15 pm PURPOSE: Baseline radiographic edema on chest X-ray (CXR) in patients with COVID-19 presenting to the emergency department has been associated with need for hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admission as well need for mechanical ventilation and 30-day mortality. Whether this is true for radiographic edema quantified after initiation of mechanical ventilation is unclear. We sought to evaluate this question using a well-validated scoring system (the Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema [RALE] score) using data over 6 months from a large, multi-hospital healthcare system including all adult (age >= 18) patients. METHODS: We collected CXRs performed in patients after endotracheal intubation for COVID-19 associated hypoxemic respiratory failure between March and September 2020. We quantified severity of radiographic edema using the RALE score. Two independent reviewers quantified radiographic edema using the RALE scoring system. We examined the association of radiographic edema with time from hospital admission to intubation and 30-day mortality. RESULTS: 65 patients were identified (median age 68, 40% female). Inter-rate agreement for RALE score was excellent (ICC = 0.84, 95% CI 0.82 - 0.87, p < 0.0001). Mortality at 30 days was 54% (n = 35). There was no association between time to ICU admission from ED presentation (r = -0.14, p = 0.27). RALE scores were not different in survivors and non-survivors (8 [4-17] and 7 [5-15], p = 0.92 respectively). When adjusted for age and history of diabetes, there was no difference in 30-day mortality between the lowest and highest RALE quartiles (HR 0.67 [0.24 - 1.85], p = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: In unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation there is no association between baseline (time of intubation) radiographic edema as captured by CXR and 30-day mortality. Larger observational studies accounting for vaccination status, oxygenation strategies and medical therapy are needed. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: In small sample of unvaccinated patients requiring mechanical ventilation for COVID-19-associated hypoxemic respiratory failure, baseline radiographic edema on CXR does not provide prognostic value. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Samantha Gillenwater No relevant relationships by Christine Girard No relevant relationships by Anas Hadeh No relevant relationships by Andrew Kim No relevant relationships by Daniel Kotok No relevant relationships by Allen Lavina No relevant relationships by Jose Rivera No relevant relationships by Shruti Shettigar
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SESSION TITLE: Management of COVID-19-Induced Complications SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 1:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a systemic condition that causes multi-organ dysfunction accompanied by fever and extremely elevated inflammatory markers. This syndrome been primarily identified in children or adolescents similar to Kawasaki disease. The hallmark of this illness includes life-threatening complications such as shock and cardiac dysfunction. As the cases of COVID-19 continue to increase worldwide, a form of MIS-C can present in adults known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A). We describe a case of MIS-A after exposure to COVID-19. CASE PRESENTATION: A 28-year-old Hispanic male with no medical history presented with 3 days of persistent fever, diarrhea, and fatigue. He was unvaccinated for COVID-19 but had mild disease three months prior, which did not require hospitalization. Vitals were remarkable for tachycardia and constant fever of up to 103.5 F. Labs were notable for leukocytosis of 26.0 k/uL, CRP of 43 mg/dL, and procalcitonin of 90 ng/mL. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast of his chest revealed multifocal nodular and consolidative airspace disease of the right upper and middle lobes with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. Echocardiogram revealed ejection fraction (EF) of 29% without wall-motion abnormalities. PCR test for COVID-19 was negative and his infectious work-up was unrevealing. His course was further complicated by shock requiring pressors, intubation, and renal replacement therapy. Despite antibiotics, he did not improve. He was started on pulse dose steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), which decreased his CRP to 34 mg/dL and procalcitonin to 51 ng/mL. He was weaned off the ventilator and pressor support with EF recovery to 51%. He was eventually discharged home without further needs. DISCUSSION: While limited data exists, adult patients of all ages with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection can develop MIS-A. Preliminary reports suggest increased incidence among African American, Hispanic, and Asian ethnic groups. Diagnosis includes one primary and two secondary clinical criteria with two supporting laboratory evidence. Primary criteria includes cardiac dysfunction or rash with conjunctivitis. Secondary criteria includes neurological signs, shock, gastrointestinal disease, or thrombocytopenia. Lab markers include elevated CRP, ferritin, IL-6, ESR, or procalcitonin with a positive SARS-Cov-2 PCR, serology, or antigen detection. Treatment consists of steroids, IVIG, and supportive care based on case reports. There are no current evidence-based guidelines. The best preventative measures include COVID-19 vaccination CONCLUSIONS: MIS-A is a rare complication of unvaccinated COVID-19 cases. Diagnostic criteria include one primary and two secondary clinical signs with supporting lab data. Treatment includes steroids, IVIG, and supportive care. Reference #1: Riphagen S, Gomez X, Gonzalez-Martinez C, Wilkinson N, Theocharis P. Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet. 2020;395(10237):1607-1608. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31094-1 Reference #2: Kunal S, Ish P, Sakthivel P, Malhotra N, Gupta K. The emerging threat of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (mis-A) in COVID-19: A systematic review. Heart & Lung. 2022;54:7-18. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.03.007 Reference #3: Morris SB, Schwartz NG, Patel P, et al. Case series of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults associated with SARS-COV-2 infection — United Kingdom and United States, March–August 2020. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2020;69(40):1450-1456. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6940e1 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Sadaf Afraz No relevant relationships by Christine Girard No relevant relationships by Jose Rivera No relevant relationships by Ivan Romero-Legro No relevant relationships by Amy Van